Analysis of Ways of Knowing in Adult Education Assignment

Analysis of Ways of Knowing in Adult Education - Assignment Example Henschke (2005), an international Human Development Consultants, notes that irrespective of the global location, adults in all corners of the world learn in a similar fashion (p. 23). Adult learning usually takes a more multidimensional nature, which can be construed to mean that it takes a more holistic approach just as would been seen in the ensuing narrative. Embodied or Somatic Learning in Adult Education: According to Mathew (1998) somatic learning occurs in experiential learning, which in part involves â€Å"knowing through the senses, body action and reaction, and precepts (Mathew, p. 4)†. The knowing that experiential learning describes is one where the leaner participate actively in the process of knowledge acquisition through taking part in discussion, role playing or similar activities that might characterize the learning process. Clark’s (2001, p. 3) definition of somatic learning is more generalized when compared to Mathew. According to him, somatic learnin g is basically â€Å"the way we know from our bodily or physical experience† (Clark, p. 3). Almost all other definitions of somatic learning from prominent scholars have placed the body at the heart of the somatic learning concept. A common feature of these definitions is that they position somatic learning through or within the body instead of knowledge without or about the body (Brockman, 2001). Spiritual in Adult Education: Spirituality is and as always been an important component of adult learning. Many people might think that spirituality is one and the same with religion, which is fundamentally wrong. There is however no doubt that the two are related, but, spirituality per see is all about a person’s consciousness and honoring of completeness and the connection of all thing with what can only be referred to as a higher power (Elias, & Merriam, 2005). Just as there has been acceptance among the health care worker on the role of spirituality in healthcare, there h as been a similar acceptance among educators on the role of spirituality in adult education. The role of spirituality in adult education has particularly been found in the way people construct knowledge. A good example can be found in the Howard Gardner’s ground breaking research on multiple intelligences. Emancipatory spirituality, one of the spiritualities, whips people into small social and political groupings, while filling such groupings with strong spiritual practices like meditation (Jarvis, 2006). Just as the spirituality of each one of us is unique there is the communal dimension of spirituality. This community dimension of spirituality can be found in the fact that people spirituality can connect to what they collectively value and think is best for them as a group. A case in point of this connecting for the common good can be found in the Moken sea gypsies who are said to have fled the December 2004 Tsunami to high ground after â€Å"feeling† it advancing. T his spirituality is at the center of adult education. Narrative learning in Adult Education: The good thing with storytelling and sensemaking as a mean of transferring knowledge to an adult learner is that they can relate to these stories being narrated and thereby retaining the knowledge in those stories. This is because just as Merriam (2008, pp. 96) notes, the learning experience has to stem from something that is not only

Business Decision Making (Team Work) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Decision Making (Team Work) - Essay Example Essentially, activities considered in team building include goal setting, development of interpersonal relations among the team members, role analysis to clarify each member’s roles and responsibilities (Robbins, 1993). In spite of the fact that members of a virtual team do not work in a face to face contact, it can be noted that team goals should be clearly defined so that each person is aware of the tasks he or she is expected to perform. There are several advantages that can be derived from teamwork when managing a project. The efforts of the team members are synergised so that they are directed towards the attainment of the desired goals and objectives. The combined effort of team members is likely to produce positive results compared to individual effort. Basically, team building attempts to use high interaction among group members in order to increase trust and openness (Robbins, 1993). This entails that communication is mainly used in the team building process. However, communication across cultures can be challenging in a virtual team. In a virtual team, effort should be made to ensure that people from different backgrounds share a common understanding towards something. Korac-Kakabadse, Kouzmin, Korac-Kakabadse, & Savery (2001, p.5) posit to the effect that the â€Å"major reasons for difficulties encountered in cross-cultural communication stem from the fact that actors from different cultures have different understandings regarding the interaction process and different styles of dialogue.† In a virtual team, efforts should be made to ensure that people from different cultures should interact by way of communication where they are in a position to share the established pattern of behaviour as well as meaning of the organizational context. Lin & Miller (2003) also suggest that when people conduct business across borders, they bring to the negotiation

Is employment the solution to end child poverty Essay

Is employment the solution to end child poverty - Essay Example In essence, poverty is judged in relation with society. This means that even though someone is earning enough money to provide for his basic needs, he would still be poor, if his income falls short of what the society around him is earning. (Galbraith, 1998) The instruments to judge poverty are as widely differing as the debate on the definition of poverty itself. Where some people measure poverty according to the household income, others measure poverty by understanding the concept of depravity and the basic needs lacking in any person’s life. In Britain since the year 1999, the government has been measuring poverty using a criterion of sixty per cent of the existing average income level adjusted according to the size of the household. Studies about poverty suggest that the population demographic is hit by poverty across different age-groups, ethnicities and nationalities. Where some individuals feel that poverty is experienced by those who are involved in double-crossing either the state or the society, other believe that the concept of a ‘welfare-state’ is what breeds poverty among masses. Such critics are of the view that the idea of welfare-state itself is responsible for higher rates of poverty; when individuals are aware that they will be able to obtain a decent amount of the basic necessities that they require, even if they do not work, such individuals might be tempted to stop working and rely on the state instead. â€Å"The persistence of child poverty in rich countries undermines both equality of opportunity and commonality of values. It therefore confronts the industrialized world with a test both of its ideals and of its capacity to resolve many of its most intractable social problems.† (Centre, 2000) The key findings of the Innocenti Report Card show how child poverty is still very much a relevant issue in the developed world, whereby

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Case Study Example Things would be different if there were no instructional videos, but the reality is that there are no excuses for hotel cleaners not to clean the rooms to a high standard. The $10 test may be viewed as somewhat tacky, but it has done the job because performance standards have been raised since the test was introduced. The types of control that are illustrated in this case are income and personal observation. First of all, employees have the ability to receive a bonus if they can do a good job, and this gives them an incentive because it will boost their income. Also, personal observation is present because the managers check the rooms themselves and then make a judgment based on what they have observed. For her new job Toby can use her previous knowledge about customer service skills to try and understand how decisions are made in her new department. Toby is a people person and so she should have little trouble getting to know her new co-workers and learning what exactly is required of her. Toby does have the ability to change the decision-making styles in her new department, but she needs to be this slowly because otherwise she will cause too much trouble. Toby would benefit because then she could properly understand the strengths and weaknesses of her department. Knowing what to change and what should remain is an important decision. If Toby does not do this, then she might make some changes that do not go down well with her boss and the other supervisors. Until Toby has established herself in her new role, she needs to just sit back and observe others so that she can make the right suggestions when the time comes. One public personality that had a distinct decision-making style was the late Steve Jobs. He was known for not wanting input from those around him, and it sometimes got him into trouble. He was a radical decision maker because he would often think outside the square and come up with new inventions, like the iPod

Critically examine the relationship between war and underdevelopment Research Paper

Critically examine the relationship between war and underdevelopment - Research Paper Example There is the presentation of a typology of wars together with the review of several literatures indicating the relationship of war and underdevelopment. Generally, wars particularly the civil war is considered as one of the primary reasons of economic underdevelopment as well as human suffering1. However in spite of this, economic examination of developing countries at war is comparatively uncommon. At the same time as the global confrontation involving communism and capitalism at the time of the Cold War did not lead to nuclear Armageddon, all through the forty–year period several nations in the ‘Third World’ were involved in war. From the time of the 1950s and 1990s, fifteen million deaths were resulted directly or ultimately by wars of every kind in developing countries. These also include the global conflicts, government violence against citizens as well as civil war. Provided the conclusion of the Cold War, there was a changeover in the direction of peace in the majority of the regions in which conflict had been fired up by East-West aggression. However while this aggression lessened from the 1980s and on, new wars emerged which were particularly unique from the wars by replacement and procedures of anti-colonial resist and nationwide emancipation which had set apart developing country wars at the time of the Cold War era. These wars, on the other hand, carried on to be situated nearly completely in developing countries: from 1989 to 1995, there were between 31 and 54 globally documented struggles in each year, and an average of 15 major wars happening at any time. A number of older ideological struggles continued in a unique manner, like the one in Afghanistan, whereas other long–lasting separatist struggle turned out to be stronger, like that of Sri Lanka and Eritrea. The Central American conflicts came to a conclusion in a troubled deadlock; however sometime after it broke out again in Mexico. Territorial as well

Serial Killers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Serial Killers - Essay Example Moreover, physical or sexual abuse on them by parents or some members of society, like suffering in the hands of peers may cause them physical and mental pain forcing them to seek revenge. They are also thought to be antisocial, introverts, and spend a lot of time thinking of ways of getting satisfaction and control over others. They may also be in the need to dominate their victims completely, and the satisfaction they may get when in total control of their victims lives. This may make them create scenes in their heads of what they could do to people, obtain such pleasure and exert fear in their victims as they commit the murders. The mental scene may sometimes fade in their minds and these forces them to act and try what they envisioned to a victim (Andreu, 1). The performing of the first killing, which is the hardest, may give the killer some satisfaction for only a limited amount of time. Moreover, the guilt of the murder is in the long-run overshadowed by the mental satisfaction that the killer feels as he/she dominated the victims makes them get the urge to kill again. In addition, some serial killers create or have some ideal characteristics that they have envisioned their victim should have. These may be either physical appearance of the victims have or some other criteria from social, cultural or economic traits. For example, if it is a woman she may kill only blonde of a certain age category or from some place. Some may pick victims from a certain profession, for example, a serial may target prostitutes, or high school students. For some cases, the serial killer may also not find his/her ideal victim, and may settle on who nearly meet their criteria for their murders to achieve satisfaction (Mauro, 1). The work of identifying a serial murder and investigation is always hard as this serial killer commit their crimes discretely. The police normally have a hard time creating a profile for these killers and motive for the killing. Moreover, any of the ser ial murders may go unsolved as the police may find it hard to profile the murders and many of the serial killers commit the murders and hide the traces well (Andreu, 1). The police may first need to identify the pattern in the killings and this is normally done to try figure out what the victims have in common to have warranted their killing by the serial killer. For instance, they need to identify if they have any blood relation, whether they knew each other or had been involved in any activity together. If there is no relation at all then they may try to identify a pattern in their activities, whether they go to the same workplace, and same shop among others. In addition, the physical location in which the murder was committed or where the bodies are found is also important. The location may give them the pattern if available on the map on the link or on the place where the next victim may be killed. Serial murders have been known to commit murders on their victims near their home s. In addition, the serial murder may take time and processes depending on one serial murderer to another, as they try to do it as it is in their mind. The serial murderers need discrete places where they may work uninterrupted until they complete their murder. The location of the murders may also act as an indicator of where the next victim may be murdered by the killer. Moreover, the police need to identify what is considered as a signature for the serial killer.

Contemporary leadership issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary leadership issues - Research Paper Example Effective leaders are able to influence employees, organizational departments and teams to work towards an organizational goal of outperforming their competitors. Multinational companies operate under different external environmental factors and employ people from different regions across the globe. The leadership must therefore motivate and influence the diverse employees towards a collective organizational goal in different regions (Tayeb 14). Nestle company is among the most successful companies that has been able to influence its employees to forego their cultural diversity and goals to adopt the company’s cultural practices in a vibrant business environment across the globe. This paper will critically evaluate nestle company in regards to its products, operations, culture and leadership. Company Analysis Nestle is a leading international company dealing with dietary, health and well-being foods and beverages. It’s headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland and runs over 4 60 production plants in 83 nations across the globe and employs over 330,000 staff from all nationalities. The company’s history dates back to 1866 when Henri Nestle launched the first products to save a neighbor kid. Growth of the company is based on nutrition, corporate culture, flexibility and international diversity. In 1905 the company merged with Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company to form Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company (Zehnder). Over the years the company has launched different nutritional products. The company’s brand mainly consists of food and beverages for all individuals including those with specific health requirements and includes baby foods, nutritional cereals, water, chocolates, coffee, confectionary, dairy products, cold and hot drink products, ice-cream, foods, frozen foods, healthcare nutrition, and pet care among others (Nestle. com). The main objective of the company is to improve the quality of life of its customers by offering quality and n utritious food products as well as the lives of its employees and other stakeholders by adjusting to the dynamic environment whereas its basic values of integrity, fairness and appreciation of people’s health remains the same. The company has a management strategy that ensures diversity, accountability and professionalism across all levels of management. This is portrayed in their executive board of directors that consist of 13 members from nine different nationalities while its headquarters employs people from almost a hundred countries (Zehnder). CEO Bio Paul Bulcke is the current chief executive officer of Nestle Company (Annual Report 2012 6). He was choosing to this position in April 2008 after working in the company for thirty years. Paul Bulcke was born in the year 1954 and joined Nestle when he was 25 years after working for another company in the position of financial analyst (Zehnder). He served in various management in operations, marketing and management positions before being appointed to lead nationwide operations in Portugal in the year 1996, in the year 1998 he was the leader in Czech and Slovak regions and in the year 2000 he was moved to German. During his tenure in these regions the